VALIDATION POOL GUIDE

Validation Pools

Validation pools operates several Master Nodes and Validation nodes on the Validation pools operates several Validation nodes and several Master nodes on the network.

Their role is to run Master Nodes and Validation nodes for the Kalima Mainchain channels and also for the PrivaChains that want to delegate the operation of their validation nodes.

 

How are they organized ?

At the launch of the network there will be a maximum of 100 validation pools. Kalima Blockchain will manage a validation pool.

Validation Pool cannot manage several nodes of the same Channel or Privachain for security reason.

There are several in a validation pools, each one has a specific mission and earn KLX rewards accordingly :

  • The Validation Pool Owner :

The Validation pool Owner owns the Validation pools and has the choice to administrate himself the Validation pool or to delegate to a third party the administration of the Validation pool and the operation of the Master Nodes and Validation nodes.

The reward for a validation pool owner is 5% of all transaction fees generated by all the pool's blockchains in case of total delegation of its management.

  • The Master Nodes operator :

The Master node operator has the mission to manage and operate one or several Master Nodes in the Validation pool.

The reward for all Master Nodes in a validation pool is 0,098KLX per block per Blockchain in the pool plus 12% of all transaction fees generated by all the pool's blockchains.

Master Nodes share 20% of the new emitted KLX per block (0,098KLX) with the stakers.

  • Validation Nodes operator :

The Validation node operator has the mission to manage and operate one or several Validation Nodes in the Validation pool.

The reward for all Validation Nodes in a validation pool is 0,002KLX per block per Blockchain in the Validation pool plus 12% of all transaction fees generated by all the pool's blockchains

Validation Nodes share 20% of the new emitted KLX per block (0,002KLX) with the stakers.

  • Staking Rewards :

Stakers, get 20% of the New emitted KLX for the Master Nodes and Validation Nodes.

 

What are the requirements for a Validation Pools?

The cost of a Validation pool is 30,000 USD of value in KLX.

To run Master and Validation nodes, the pool must obtain certain amount of KLX per the Network per node :

  • To run a Master node on a Validation Pool, the Pool must have a stake from the entire Network of 40.000.000 KLX

  • To run a Validation node on a Validation Pool, the Pool must have a stake from the entire Network of 4.000.000 KLX

 

Rewards and delegation

Rewards for Validation Pools

Validation pools receive rewards for their validation work in two forms:

1. New KLX emitted each transactions

  • 0.098 KLX is emitted every block

  • 0,002 KLX is emitted every block

This number of KLX will decrease following the halving mechanism.

2. Transactions fees

  • 12% for the Master Nodes

  • 12% for the Validation Nodes

  • 5% for the Validation pool Owner (in case of total delegation of its pool)

Block rewards are equally distributed among Validation nodes or Master nodes in each channel of the Kalima MainChain and in each PrivaChain.

Block rewards in each pools are distributed proportionally to all delegators relative to their stake. This means that even though each delegators gains KLX with each reward, all validation pools maintain equal weight over time.

 

Penalties

For validation pools, who have failed to validate a block in due time, have purposefully wrongfully signed a block or tried to harm the network in any way, a penalty will be applied.

The validation will see his right to reward taken away for 10.00 transactions. In case of frequent failures DAO can decide definitive exclusion of a validation pool.

 

Block reward example

In this example :

      • 100 validation pools having each 20 validation nodes and 5 Master nodes

The reward for 1 block is :

      • 0,098 KLX for a Master Node

      • 0,002 KLX for a validation node

Tokens are evenly spread among validation

Let’s take an example for 4.000.000 transactions in a Validation Pool.

 

Rewards for the Validation Pool Owner :

The reward for a validation pool owner is 5% of all transaction fees generated by all the pool's blockchains in case of total delegation of its management.

  • Transactions fees here are :

4.000.000*0,00025 = 1000 USD of value in KLX.

  • The validation Pool Owner gets 5% of the transactions fees in his Validation Pool :

5%*1000 USD of value in KLX = 50 USD of Value in KLX

 

Rewards for the Master Nodes in the Pool :

The reward for all Master Nodes in a validation pool is 0,098KLX per block plus 12% of all transaction fees generated by all the pool's blockchains

  • 12% of the transactions fees

12%*1000 USD of value in KLX = 120 USD of Value in KLX

  • 0,098 KLX per block per Blockchain in the Pool

Here we have 5 Master Nodes in the pool which means that we have 5 different blockchains

0,098*5*4.000.000 = 1.960.000

  • Master Nodes share 20% of the new emitted KLX per block (0,098KLX) with the stakers.

1.960.000*20% = 392.000 KLX that goes to the stakers.

  • In this example Master Nodes operator gets a remuneration of :

1.960.000 – 392.000 KLX + 120 USD of Value in KLX

= 1.568.000 KLX + 120 USD of Value in KLX

= 2.048.000 KLX with a KLX price at 0.00025

 

Rewards for the Validation Nodes in the Pool :

The reward for all Master Nodes in a validation pool is 0,002KLX per block plus 12% of all transaction fees generated by all the pool's blockchains

  • 12% of the transactions fees

12%*1000 USD of value in KLX = 120 USD of Value in KLX

  • 0,002 KLX per block per Blockchain in the Pool

Here we have 5 Master Nodes in the pool which means that we have 5 different blockchains

0,002*5*4.000.000 = 40.000 KLX

  • Validation Nodes share 20% of the new emitted KLX per block (0,002KLX) with the stakers.

40.000*20% = 8.000 KLX that goes to the stakers.

  • In this example Validaation Nodes operator gets a remuneration of :

40.000 – 8.000 KLX + 120 USD of Value in KLX

= 32.000 KLX + 120 USD of Value in KLX

= 521.000 KLX with a KLX price at 0.00025

 

Rewards for stakers  :

Stakers, get 20% of the New emitted KLX for the Master Nodes and Validation Nodes.

392.000 + 8.000 = 400.000 KLX in one pool.

 

Halving effect on validator rewards

As previously mentioned, KLX validator rewards are subject to a halving effect, which is a key mechanism within the Kalima ecosystem.

KLX Validation rewards will be divided by 2 after every halving, which occurs every time 16 billion KLX tokens are emitted up until the hard cap of 480 billion KLX in circulation KLX is reached. Note that the initial supply of KLX is 160 billion tokens.

At the time of the KLX launch, the reward per validated block will be of 1 KLX for a master node and 0,1 KLX for a validation node. The first halving will take place after the emission of 16 billion KLX tokens, whereby the reward per bloc will be divided by 2 and become 0,5 KLX per bloc for a master node and 0,005 KLX for a validation node.

 

Hardware recommendations for validation nodes

CPU : 6 cores / 12 threads, or more 2.8GHz, or faster

AVX2 instruction support (to use official release binaries, self-compile otherwise)

Support for AVX512f and/or SHA-NI instructions is helpful

GPU : not necessary at this time

RAM :16 GB, or more

Disk NVME SSD, or better

Accounts: 100GB, or larger. High TBW (Total Bytes Written) suggested

Ledger: 500GB or larger. High TBW suggested

OS: (Optional) 500GB or larger. High TBW suggested

Testing has shown better performance with the ledger on its own disk. Due to high IOPS it is not recommended to store Accounts and ledger on the same disk